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Pholiota squarrosa
''Pholiota squarrosa'', commonly known as the shaggy scalycap, the shaggy Pholiota, or the scaly Pholiota, is a species of mushroom in the Strophariaceae family. Common in North America and Europe, it is often an opportunistic parasite, and has a wide range of hosts among deciduous trees, although it can also infect conifers. It can also live as a saprobe, deriving nutrients from decomposing wood. The mushroom is typically found growing in clusters at the base of trees and stumps. Both the cap and the stem are covered in small, pointed scales that are pointed downward and backward. The crowded gills are yellowish, then later rust-brown. The mushroom has an odor that, depending on the author, has been described as resembling garlic, lemon, radish, onion, or skunk. It has a strong taste, resembling radishes. Once thought to be edible, it is now considered and known to be poisonous, especially if consumed in combination with alcohol. The mushroom contains unique chemicals thought to help it infect plants by neutralizing defensive responses employed by them. The very similar ''P. squarrosoides'' differs in having a paler cap that is sticky between the scales, and smaller spores.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first described scientifically as ''Agaricus squarrosus'' in 1790 by George Christian Edler von Oldenburg Oeder, and later sanctioned under this name by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 ''Systema Mycologicum''.〔 It was transferred to the genus ''Pholiota'' by the German Paul Kummer.〔 It is the type species of the genus ''Pholiota''.〔
The specific epithet ''squarrosa'' is derived from Latin, and means "scurfy".〔 The mushroom is commonly known as the "scaly Pholiota",〔 the "shaggy scalycap",〔 or the "shaggy Pholiota".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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